The pharmaceutical industry's research and development department is responsible for researching and developing novel medicine. The rising burden of chronic diseases worldwide has driven increased spending on research and development. The company allocates its spending on several activities in research and development, including discovering and screening new drugs, conducting clinical trials of new drugs, and monitoring the clinical safety of the drugs before and after they are marketed.
The sequential process involved in research and development includes discovery and development, preclinical research, clinical research, FDA review and approval, and post-marketing drug safety monitoring. All these processes are performed and observed precisely without any error before the medicine reaches the market. This is why it takes a long time for a medicine to get approved and become available in the market. Research and development also present several hurdles, including time and cost consumption, regulatory barriers, technical challenges, and ethical considerations. These challenges must be overcome to bring a new medicine to the market.